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MikeH's Journal
Posted by MikeH in General Discussion
Fri Jun 05th 2009, 07:19 PM
Response to Time for change's OP: Excessive Obedience to Authority
I indicated in a response to one of your earlier threads about the Swiss writer and psychotherapist Alice Miller, and her documentation of childhood abuse and mistreatment, and the long term effects of such abuse and mistreatment. She documents, for instance, that excessive obedience to authority is something that is learned in childhood, and is a natural result of childhood mistreatment, and fear of offending or displeasing one’s parents (or caretakers).

According to Alice Miller, it is essential for both individuals and society as a whole to become aware of and to take seriously the actual sufferings of children from abuse and mistreatment, much of which is done in the name of upbringing, and the long term damage as a result of such mistreatment.

What is essential for an individual person, according to Alice Miller, is to become aware, at the feeling level (as opposed to just intellectually), of what really happened to the person in childhood, and especially to dare to go against the deep-seated societal taboos about holding one’s parents (and other early caregivers and authority figures) accountable and responsible, rather than protecting them or exonerating them from any and all blame, or “forgiving” them. The commandment in the Bible to “honor your father and mother”, which in the biblical text does not make any exceptions if one’s parents are abusive or are otherwise not worthy of honor, and which unfortunately lies in the heart of traditional Judeo-Christian morality, is one such taboo.

If as a child one is mortally afraid of displeasing or offending one’s parents, then an obvious natural consequence is that the person as an adult will not be able to disobey authority figures.

As I have explained in this post in your earlier thread, I myself had a very difficult father, who did many very good things, but who also was often very overbearing and judgmental, and sometimes bordered on being abusive. I consider it to have been a very healthy milestone in my life to come to fully realize, a little over a year after my dad died, that some of his behavior was actually abusive at times. I.e. it was not just something wrong with me that I had problems with him. One of the major regrets and disappointments of my life was that I was not able to confront my dad or stand up to him the way I would have wanted to while he was alive.

Along with the realization that my dad had sometimes bordered on being abusive, I also came to realize that my having been a Christian, and supposedly having a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, had not been of help to me in enabling me to deal with my dad, or with any other problems that I had. I eventually parted company with the Christian faith, and feel as certain as I do of anything that doing so was the right and healthy thing for me to do.

A common example of excessive obedience to authority, in our society, is that of the fundamentalist Christian to the idea that the Bible is the “inspired and inerrant Word of God”, and is not to be questioned or challenged. Thus a person can only be “saved” by “accepting Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior” in this present lifetime. If a person misses his or her chance in this lifetime, for whatever reason, or happens to guess wrong by adhering to a religion other than Christianity, tough luck for that person. If a murder victim is “unsaved”, tough luck for the victim. However if the murderer later “repents” and “accepts Christ”, the murder is let into heaven. That is what the Bible says, that is what God says, and God’s ways are higher than our ways, and past finding out. Who are we to question God?

It is not surprising that fundamentalist Christians, notably James Dobson, advocate physical discipline (spanking) of children, and that fundamentalist Christians come from backgrounds where that is practiced. It is not surprising to hear about fundamentalist Christian families that are very dysfunctional. It is not surprising that somebody like Andrea Yates, who drowned her five children in a bathtub, had felt very inadequate and unfit as a Christian mother, and had felt that it was necessary to kill her five children in order to save them from hell.

It is not surprising to hear of the Quiverfull movement, in which couples consider it to be a matter of obedience to have as many children as God would choose to bestow, and consider even contraception, not to mention abortion, to be wrong.

It is not surprising that fundamentalist Christians want to display the Ten Commandments in public places, one of which says to “honor your father and mother”, and makes no exceptions if one’s parents are or have been abusive or are otherwise not deserving of honor.

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MikeH
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Learning from Hitler and his childhood
What point is there for us today in learning about Hitler and his history? For me, the main point is this: our knowledge will serve as a warning against our blindness and encourage us to give it up once and for all and to struggle against collective repression. This is what I do consistently in all my books in order to help people understand the psychodynamics of the mistreatment of children and its immeasurable danger for society, as demonstrated by Hitler's case. My explanations are by no means intended to suggest pity for a man as merciless as Hitler.

it was in large part owing to Hitler and his history that I became aware of the dangers of our traditional morality. We are exhorted to honor our parents and never question them no matter what they have done. Yet when I realize that millions of human beings had to die so that Adolf Hitler could keep his repression of childhood trauma intact, that millions were subjected to humiliation in concentration camps so that he never had to recognize how he had once been humiliated, then I believe that one can't point out these connections often enough in order to shed light on this unconscious production of evil. How should young people be expected to recognize and reject inhumanity and crime if these continue to be disguised instead of being pointed out as plainly as possible? Only when young people are permitted to know exactly what happened and how it could happen, only if they don't allow anything to stifle their curiosity and are not afraid of the truth, can they free themselves from the burden placed upon them by their forebears' blindness.

Alice Miller
Adolf Hitler: How Could a Monster Succeed in Blinding a Nation?

See also
For Your Own Good: Preface to the American Edition

For Your Own Good: Adolf Hitler's Childhood: From Hidden to Manifest Horror
The "Final Solution", Adaptation to Society's Norms, Morality and Duty, and Childhood Feelings
People with any sensitivity cannot be turned into mass murderers overnight. But the men and women who carried out "the final solution" did not let their feelings stand in their way for the simple reason that they had been raised from infancy not to have any feelings of their own but to experience their parents' wishes as their own. These were people who, as children, had been proud of being tough and not crying, of carrying out all their duties "gladly," of not being afraid--that is, at bottom, of not having an inner life at all.

...

This perfect adaptation to society's norms--in other words, to what is called "healthy normality"--carries with it the danger that such a person can be used for practically any purpopse. It is not a loss of autonomy that occurs here, hbecause this autonomy never existed, but a switching of values, which in themselves are of no importance anyway for the person in question as long as his whole value system is dominated by the principle of obedience. He has never gone beyond the stage of idealizing his parents with their demands for unquestioning obedience; this idealization can iasily be transferred to a Führer or to an ideaology. Since authoritarian parents are always right, there is no need for their children to rack their brains in each case to determine whether what is demanded of them is right or not. And how is this to be judged? Where are the standards supposed to come from if someone has always been told what was right and what was wrong and if he never had an opportunity to become familiar with his own feelings and if, beyond that, attempts at criticism were unacceptable to the parents and thus were too threatening for the child? If an adult has not developed a mind of his own, then he will find himself at the mercy of the authorities for better or worse, just as an infant finds itself at the mercy of its parents. Saying no to those more powerful will always seem too threatening to him.

...

Morality and performance of duty are artificial measures that become necessary when something essential is lacking. The more successfully a person was denied access to his or her feelings in childhood, the larger the arsenal of intellectual weapons and the supply of moral prostheses has to be, because morality and a sense of duty are not sources of strength or fruitful soil for genuine affection. Blood does not flow in artificial limbs; they are for sale and can serve many masters. What was considered good yesterday can--depending on the decree of government of party--be considered evil and corrupt today, and vice versa. But those who have spontaneous feelings can only be themselves. They have no other choice if they want to remain true to themselves. Rejection, ostracism, loss of love, and name calling will not fail to affect them; they will suffer as a result and will dread them, but once they have found their authentic self they will not want to lose it. And when they sense that something is being demanded of them to which their whole being says no, they cannot do it. They simply cannot.

Alice Miller
For Your Own Good: The Central Mechanism of "Poisonous Pedagogy"
Other tyrants and their childhood
In the lives of all the tyrants I examined, I found without exception paranoid trains of thought bound up with their biographies in early childhood and the repression of the experiences they had been through. Mao had been regularly whipped by his father and later sent 30 million people to their deaths, but he hardly ever admitted the full extent of the rage he must have felt toward his own father, a very severe teacher who had tried through beatings to "make a man" out of his son. Stalin caused millions to suffer and die because even at the height of his power his actions were determined by unconscious infantile fear of powerlessness. Apparently his father, a poor cobbler from Georgia, attempted to drown his frustration with liquor and whipped his son almost every day. His mother displayed psychotic traits, was completely incapable of defending her son and was usually away from home either praying in church or running the priest's household. Stalin idealized his parents right up to the end of his life and was constantly haunted by the fear of dangers that had long since ceased to exist but were still present in his deranged mind. The same might be true of many other tyrants. The groups of people they singled out for persecution and the rationalization mechanisms they employed were different in each case, but the fundamental reason behind it was probably identical. They often drew on ideologies to disguise the truth and their own paranoia. And the masses chimed in enthusiastically because they were unaware of the real motives, including those operative in their own biographies. The infantile revenge fantasies of individuals would be of no account if society did not regularly show such naive alacrity in helping to make them come true.

Alice Miller
The Political Consequences of Child Abuse
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