From the American Journal of Nursing (May 2007):

"While pain can worsen the quality of sleep, inadequate sleep can also intensify pain. A recent experiment carried out by Roehrs demonstrated that the loss of 4 hr. sleep resulted in increased sensitivity to pain"

Nonpharmacological interventions to promote sleep:

"Maintain daytime light and nighttime dark. Open drapes and blinds. Increase the wattage in lamps. Increase sunlight exposure to at least 1/2 hours per day. Keep the sleep environment dark."

"Nursing interventions for sleep promotion that focus on the body-mind connection, such as back massage, relaxing music. . .are potentially effective, although further study is needed."

"Evidence shows that when a warm bath precedes bedtime by as little as 30 minutes, the usual circadian drop in body temperature is intensified and sleep is enhanced. One study of older adults found that the group that had a warm bath before bedtime slept better. During the 1st 3 hrs. of sleep, body movements were less frequent, suggesting that the time to fall asleep shortened and the proportion of time spend in deep sleep lengthened."