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THE UNFULFILLED PROMISE
Posted by Time for change in General Discussion (1/22-2007 thru 12/14/2010)
Sat Jan 19th 2008, 06:36 PM
Ronald Reagan's government was run by the rich and for the rich. Its main purpose was to dismantle FDR's New Deal, which had done so much for the people of our country. Anyone who praises him shouldn't be the Democratic nominee for president.
Barack Obama recently stirred up a good deal of controversy by talking about Ronald Reagan in an apparently favorable light. Here are some excerpts:

I think Ronald Reagan changed the trajectory of America in a way that Richard Nixon did not and in a way that Bill Clinton did not. He put us on a fundamentally different path because the country was ready for it. I think they felt like with all the excesses of the 1960s and 1970s and government had grown and grown but there wasn't much sense of accountability in terms of how it was operating. I think people, he just tapped into what people were already feeling, which was we want clarity we want optimism, we want a return to that sense of dynamism and entrepreneurship that had been missing.

This is not a one time incident. Obama also mentions Reagan in his book, “The Audacity of Hope”. After saying that he was disturbed by Reagan’s election in 1980 and his assaults on the poor, Obama continues:

I understood his appeal. That Reagan’s message found such a receptive audience spoke not only to his skills as a communicator; it also spoke to the failures of liberal government… For the fact was that government at every level had become too cavalier about spending taxpayer money… A lot of liberal rhetoric did seem to value rights and entitlements over duties and responsibilities… Nevertheless, by promising to side with those who worked hard, obeyed the law, cared for their families, and loved their country, Reagan offered Americans a sense of a common purpose that liberals seemed no longer able to muster….

Some of Obama’s defenders make the case that quotes like these don’t necessarily imply admiration for Reagan or his policies. Rather, they claim, comments like these indicate admiration only for Reagan’s political or communication skills.

Many liberals, including me, aren’t convinced. Obama has said several things that many of us believe express contempt for liberals and their ideas – such as what I discuss in this post. Also, these Obama statements seem much like the kind of rhetorical device that George Bush frequently used to cause the American people believe that Saddam Hussein was responsible for the 9-11 attacks on our country. He never actually explicitly said that. But by repeatedly mentioning the two in the same speeches and even the same sentences he left no doubt as to what his point was. In the same way, these Obama words and speeches about Reagan appear to be meant to appeal to Reagan admirers while at the same time allowing just enough wiggle room that he can claim to fellow Democrats that he really doesn’t admire Reagan himself or his policies.

This is an important issue. If Obama has a fondness for Ronald Reagan or his policies I think that this is something that Democrats should give serious consideration before choosing him to be their nominee for president. So let’s take a closer look at how Obama’s comments about Reagan mesh with the reality of Reagan’s political career:


Reagan’s “appeal” to the American people

Some of Obama’s excerpts noted above speak of Reagan’s “appeal”, including “I understood his appeal” and “He just tapped into what people were already feeling”.

What did that “appeal” consist of? Paul Krugman discusses this in his book, “The Conscience of a Liberal”, in his discussion of how the Democratic Party lost the votes of Southern whites through appeals to racism. He notes Reagan’s bogus story introducing the term “welfare queen” and the kickoff of his 1980 presidential campaign emphasizing “states rights”. He concludes:

By 1980 Reagan could win Southern states with thinly disguised appeals to segregationist sentiment, while Democrats were ever more firmly linked to civil rights and affirmative action…

Peter Dreier discusses the details of Reagan’s bogus “welfare queen” story, which he characterizes as an assault on the poor. Whether this represented an assault of the poor or an appeal to racism hardly matters in my opinion. Either way, it’s contemptible and I have serious qualms about anyone who expresses admiration for that kind of “appeal”.

During his stump speeches while dutifully promising to roll back welfare, Reagan often told the story of a so-called “welfare queen” in Chicago who drove a Cadillac and had ripped off $150,000 from the government using 80 aliases, 30 addresses, a dozen social security cards and four fictional dead husbands. Journalists searched for this “welfare cheat” in the hopes of interviewing her and discovered that she didn’t exist. The imagery of “welfare cheats” that persists to this day helped lay the groundwork for the 1996 welfare reform law…

Reagan’s emphasis on “State’s Rights” to start off his 1980 campaign was doubtlessly an appeal to racism:

Why would the former governor of a western state choose a small southern town whose only claim to fame historically was the scandalous racially charged murder of three civil rights workers, as the place to deliver this message of state’s rights?

Anyone who’s studied the civil war for any length of time knows that the term “state’s rights” in the south is the euphemistic way that some southerners use to define the central cause of the civil war. Do a quick Google search on the term state’s rights and see what kind of sites you find. Confederate flags abound. These sites claim that the civil war was not about slavery, it was about state’s rights. The subtext: The civil war was about a state’s right to treat people as property if they want to….. about a state’s right to discriminate based on race…if that’s what they determine is in their best interest.


“Reagan put us on a fundamentally different path”

Obama is absolutely correct that Reagan put us on a fundamentally different path. Most importantly, he began the dismantling of FDR’s New Deal, which had served to lift tens of millions of Americans out of poverty and achieve levels of income equality never previously seen in our country.

This chart shows median family income levels, beginning in 1947, when accurate statistics on this issue first became available. With the top marginal tax rate approaching 90% at this time, median family income rose steadily (in 2005 dollars) from $22,499 in 1947 to more than double that, $47,173 in 1980. Then, for the next 25 years, except for some moderate growth during the Clinton years, there was almost no growth in median income at all, which rose only to $56,194 by 2005 (85% of that growth accounted for during the Clinton years). As Paul Krugman notes, this period coincides with “the greatest sustained economic boom in U.S. history”.

What did Reagan do to help end this boom? In a nutshell, virtually all of his economic policies were meant to favor the rich at the expense of the poor and the middle class.

First, let’s consider labor unions. Labor unions are a great means for reducing income inequality because they empower ordinary workers with the means of negotiating fair wages and benefits in relation to their more wealthy and powerful employers. They not only raise wages and benefits for their members, but do the same for non-members as well, since they provide all employers with incentives for offering fair wages, lest their members be tempted to join unions. Table 1 in this article shows that prior to FDR’s presidency the highest percentage of nonagricultural U.S. workers who were members of labor unions was about 10%. That percent rose precipitously during FDR’s presidency and remained at close to 30% for several decades thereafter. However, with the anti-labor policies of the Reagan administration, the percent of workers in unions declined precipitously. And today only 13% of American workers belong to labor unions – one of the lowest if not the lowest rates of union membership among the industrialized nations of the world.

Peter Dreier notes the numerous Reagan budget cuts affecting the poor and middle class:

Reagan eliminated general revenue sharing to cities, slashed funding for public service jobs and job training, almost dismantled federally funded legal services for the poor, cut the anti-poverty Community Development Block Grant program and reduced funds for public transit…These cutbacks had a disastrous effect on cities with high levels of poverty… The consequences were devastating to urban schools and libraries, municipal hospitals and clinics, and sanitation, police and fire departments – many of which had to shut their doors…The most dramatic cut in domestic spending during the Reagan years was for low-income housing subsidies. Reagan appointed a housing task force dominated by politically connected developers, landlords and bankers… For the next few years he sought to eliminate federal housing assistance to the poor altogether. The number of homeless people… by the late 1980s had swollen to 600,000 on any given night.


Disparaging of liberals as part and parcel of expressing admiration for Reagan

In the same breath as he expresses admiration for Ronald Reagan, Obama disparages liberals. And why not? After all, how can one plausibly express admiration for Ronald Reagan without disparaging liberals?

First consider Obama’s reference to “the excesses of the 1960s and 1970s”. What excesses is he talking about? Certainly he couldn’t be referring to the greatest equalization of income in American history, and what Paul Krugman describes as the greatest economic boom in U.S. history. Is he talking about the disturbances associated with the Civil Rights movement or the voting rights movement or protests against the Vietnam War? These are all causes about which liberals are justifiably proud – IMHO. Clearly Obama appeals to conservatives when he talks about “the excesses of the 60s and 70s.” I think that the rest of us deserve to know what he is referring to when he uses those words.

What about “Government had grown and grown but there wasn't much sense of accountability…” and “Government at every level had become too cavalier about spending taxpayer money”? These are frequently espoused right wing talking points that stereotype the “tax and spend liberal”. So again, I ask Obama what liberal programs he thinks government was spending too much money on during this period of time. I think that Democrats who are considering voting for him to be the Democratic nominee for President have the right to know that. Furthermore, I find it most odd that he would criticize Democrats for spending too much money in the same paragraph where he praises Ronald Reagan, of all people. Consider this graph which shows the change in our national debt by year:



Note the two huge mountains of increasing national debt in this picture. One began with the Reagan administration and went on for the 12 years of Reagan and Bush I presidencies. Then following 8 years of precipitous decrease in the rate of debt accumulation, the onset of the Bush II presidency was marked by another, even more precipitous increase in debt accumulation than was the Reagan presidency. Shouldn’t this debunk the stereotype of the “tax and spend” liberal? And why is a Democratic candidate for President propagating this stereotype?

And what does Obama mean by “Reagan offered Americans a sense of a common purpose that liberals seemed no longer able to muster…”? What common purpose is that? Is he talking about tax cuts for the rich and widening income disparity? Is he referring to the slashing of numerous social programs described above? Is he talking about the tremendous expansion of our national debt? Or maybe he’s referring to Reagan’s secret Contra War, in which he continued to fund right wing death squads despite the expressed prohibition of Congress.


How the other two leading Democratic candidates stand on this issue

Hillary Clinton hasn’t said as much about this as Obama, but she has posted on her website an article that notes that she considers Ronald Reagan to be one of her favorite American Presidents. There has been some disagreement over the accuracy that article. However, it seems obvious to me that it couldn’t be too far from the truth, since Senator Clinton put it on her website without any disclaimers regarding her quoted opinions.

I don’t think that anyone needed to hear John Edwards talk about this issue in order to know how he felt about it. John Edwards has made it abundantly clear that he is vehemently against everything that Ronald Reagan stood for. Here are his recent words on the subject:

I would never use Ronald Reagan as an example of change… You think about what Ronald Reagan did, to America, the American people, to the middle class, to working people. He was openly, openly intolerant of unions and the right to organize… I could promise you this… This president will never use Ronald Reagan as an example.

Amen.


Discuss (43 comments) | Recommend (+16 votes)
The Unfulfilled Promise
The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream: The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals




Time for change


Notwithstanding the lofty sentiments and purpose of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, the reality of the United States of America did not then – and never has – lived up to its ideal. Our nation remains today a long way from fulfilling the promise implied by those ideals. Yet, our Declaration was a great start, and it has long shone as a beacon of hope for people all over the world.

Throughout our history, while many have striven to close the gap between our highest ideals and the reality of our nation, others have focused on the accumulation of private wealth and power, at the expense of everyone else. In recent decades the latter have gained much ground, leading to increasing imperialism abroad and deteriorating democracy at home, characterized by routine (and legal) bribery of our public officials, the fusion of government and private corporate interests (corporatocracy), a corrupt election system largely in the hands of private corporations, a corporate controlled communications media, and the widespread acceptance of Executive Branch secrecy, routinely justified with little if any questioning, by the magic words “national security”. All of this is rapidly turning our country from the democracy proclaimed at our founding into a plutocracy (government by the wealthy and for the wealthy). The result is the most obscene wealth gap our country has ever known, the highest imprisonment rate in the world, rampant militarism, routine flaunting of international law, the least efficient health care system in the developed world, a pending environmental catastrophe that threatens to destroy the life sustaining forces of our planet, and myriad other problems that threaten to destroy our nation and tyrannize our people.

My new book, The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream – The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals, explores the roots and consequences of the demise of our democracy, and why most Americans have been unable to understand this process or even become aware of it. A good understanding of why and how we have deviated so greatly from the ideals of our nation is the first and necessary step towards getting back on the right track and revitalizing our society.

The book is currently being sold in electronic PDF format and can be purchased at http://www.unfulfilledpromise.com/Buy-the-... for $3.99. It will also soon be available in Amazon Kindle format. DU members who cannot afford to buy the book but would like to read it can pm me with your e-mail address, and I will send you a free PDF copy.

I’ve previously posted on DU a slightly earlier version of the introduction to the book, which is also posted at my site. Here is the Table of Contents, followed by a brief description of the three parts of the book:


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Acknowledgements
Prologue – What is Wrong with the United States of America?

Part I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy
Chapter 1 – Legalized Bribery
Chapter 2 – Human Psychological Factors
Chapter 3 – Corporatocracy
Chapter 4 – Corporate Control of Media
Chapter 5 – Corrupt Election System
Chapter 6 – Government Secrecy
Chapter 7 – American Exceptionalism

Part II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions
Chapter 8 – Slavery and its Legacy
Chapter 9 – Early U.S. Imperialism
Chapter 10 – U.S. Imperialism in Cold War
Chapter 11 – Iraq War and Occupation
Chapter 12 – Afghanistan War

Part III – Consequences
Chapter 13 – Election of George W. Bush
Chapter 14 – War and Imperialism
Chapter 15 – Class Warfare
Chapter 16 – Predator Financial Class
Chapter 17 – Shock Therapy
Chapter 18 – Contempt for Int. Law
Chapter 19 – The “War on Drugs”
Chapter 20 – Climate Change
Chapter 21 – “War on Terror”
Chapter 22 – Health Care
Chapter 23 – Unaccountable government
Chapter 24 – Response to 9/11 Attacks
Epilogue


PART I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy

It is somewhat difficult to separate the causes of our problems from their consequences, since they combine to form a long chain of cause leading to consequence, leading to more consequences, etcetera. Nevertheless, it seems worth while to identify the root causes of our problems, those that occur early in the chain and lead to so many of the tragic consequences we see today. The only chance we have of reversing the demise of our democracy is through addressing and attacking its root causes.

At the top of the list is the systematic bribery of public officials by the powerful corporations (Chapter 1) whom our government is charged with regulating in the public interest. Instead of calling it bribery, we call it “campaign contributions”, but what we call it isn’t as important as what it is. It is hard to fathom how democracy can survive when such a practice is legal and condoned.

Working in tandem with our system of legalized bribery is the nature of the people who inhabit our country. That is not to say that Americans are inherently substantially different than any other people. Human beings are imperfect, and that is probably a major reason why in a world where civilization began more than five millennia ago, the oldest written national framework of government in the world today – the Constitution of the United States of America – is only a little more than two and a quarter centuries old. Chapter 2 explores the roles of basic human needs, authoritarianism, psychological defense mechanisms used to prevent us from perceiving reality as it is rather than as we’d like it to be, and corrupted ideologies in causing us to passively accept the accumulation of power in the hands of ambitious and ruthless individuals who care about little else than expanding their own wealth and power.

When bribery of public officials is tolerated as an inevitable aspect of public life, government inevitably grows close to the wealthy interests that shower it with money in return for legislative and other favors. A malevolent symbiosis grows between the state and corporate power, resulting in rule by an oligarchy that is highly detrimental to the lives of ordinary people (Chapter 3). Using their accumulated wealth and power to manipulate our legislative process, the oligarchy grabs for more and more control of the communications media (Chapter 4) that are used to control the information available to and shape the attitudes of our nation’s people, in pursuit of their own narrow interests.

Since the 1980s an orchestrated campaign has been underway to demonize “big government”, thereby paving the way for private corporate control over more and more functions that were previously deemed intrinsic functions of government. Among those functions is the running of public elections (Chapter 5) – the function that symbolizes democracy perhaps more than any other single function. Consequently, the purging of selected registered voters from our computerized voter rolls has become a routine recurring event throughout much of our country, and without a doubt determined the results of the 2000 – and probably 2004 as well – presidential election. Just as bad, more and more of the counting of votes in our public elections have been turned over to private corporations, which count our votes using electronic machines using secret software to produce vote counts that cannot be verified by anyone.

Bribery, the fusion of government and private interest, fake and biased news, and corrupt elections are not things that government and its corporate allies want us to know about. Consequently, they construct walls of secrecy (Chapter 6) to keep us from obtaining information that sheds light on their activities. The perfect phrase for facilitating this is “national security”. When our government tells us that the “national security” requires that certain things be kept secret from us, the understanding is that to question such a pronouncement is unpatriotic, and to actually attempt to obtain the “secret” information may be treasonous.

But indefinitely maintaining secrets from the American people can be very difficult, because at least some people want to know what their government is up to. So in addition to the formal mechanisms of secrecy, informal mechanisms are constructed (Chapter 7) to keep vital information away from us. One of the primary methods for doing this is to make certain sensitive subjects taboo – that is, to create the widespread belief that discussion of these topics is so outside the bounds of acceptable human discourse that anyone who discusses them should be shunned by society, or worse. The most common issue that falls into this category is any discussion that sheds light on the disparity between American ideals and the reality of life in our country today.


PART II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions in U.S. History

Notwithstanding the fact that our founding document says that “all men are created equal” and speaks of the inalienable rights of humankind, the United States has throughout its history partaken of massive exploitation of other peoples.

It is estimated that at the time of our birth, 18% of our population was black slaves. In our expansion westwards during the late 18th and 19th centuries, we decimated the original inhabitants of our continent, and often treated them with great cruelty. In 1846 we manufactured an excuse for war with our neighbor Mexico, in which we continued to expand our country westwards and southwards. In 1893 we began our overseas imperialism with the conquest of Hawaii. Our overseas expansion was greatly accelerated in 1898 with our participation in the Spanish-American War, which led to our conquest of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. With our arrival at world superpower status at the end of World War II, we began the Cold War, which led to and served as a rationalization for covert and/or direct military actions against myriad foreign nations over the next 46 years. With the September 11, 2001 attacks on our country, we declared a perpetual “War on Terror”, which served and continues to serve as an excuse to invade and occupy Iraq and Afghanistan, nations that posed no threat to us. We do not know when or if this perpetual war will ever end. We don’t know how many additional imperial conquests it will lead to.

Most Americans don’t think much about all this. Many of these actions are done in secrecy, and the American people don’t find out about them until many years later – or we never find out about them at all. Those that we do know about are spun into the most favorable light, to make them seem benign or even noble.

But these actions come at great costs: in the lives of our soldiers; in the ruined lives of the peoples of the victim countries; in trillions of dollars cost to our people and their future generations; in our international reputation; in anti-American hatred leading to terrorism; and, to our democracy itself. For how can a nation claim to believe in the inalienable rights of humankind specified in its founding document, while making a mockery of that belief in the way it treats other peoples? For that reason alone it is worth while to take a brief look at our long history of imperialist actions.


PART III – Consequences

In the Prologue I give a brief account of what I see as some of the worst and tragic consequences of the root causes that I discuss in Part I – to enable the reader to see where this book is heading. When elections of our public officials are for sale to the highest bidder… when our public officials are so addicted to the “campaign contributions” of their wealthiest constituents that they develop a symbiotic relationship with them… when our communications media are owned and controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy elites… when our citizenry lack the ability to differentiate propaganda from reality… when we allow machines provided by private corporations to count our votes using secret electronic software… then we should expect that the consequences will not be pretty or comfortable for the vast majority of our citizens.

In Part III, I explore those consequences in much greater detail, in the hope that the reader will agree with me that these are very serious problems, and that they must be successfully addressed if our country is ever to fulfill the promise of its ideals, or even make progress in that direction. When enough Americans recognize our problems as problems, stripped of the gloss and spin put on them by our oligarchy, they will rise up and do something about them. Until then there will be no progress, and we are very likely to head in the direction of all the former empires of our planet, ending in chaos, widespread catastrophe, suffering, and ignominy.

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