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THE UNFULFILLED PROMISE
Posted by Time for change in General Discussion (1/22-2007 thru 12/14/2010)
Fri Jun 26th 2009, 07:10 PM
Look at how life is defined today in this society. You toil almost all your waking hours as many years as you can. Why not a vision of society where people are able to enjoy the arts… They shouldn’t have to be out there working to enrich other people
When we speak of the rights of workers we may as well be speaking of the rights of humans, since the great majority of Americans and other peoples of the world must work in order to afford the basic necessities of life. Yet to hear right wingers discuss this subject, you’d think that workers constitute a “special interest” group.

Much of world history has entailed a mostly one-sided struggle between the wealthy and powerful trying to maintain their wealth and power advantages over the great masses of other people. To oversimplify the matter somewhat, there are the elite on the one hand, and then there are those who labor and provide the fruits of their labor to the elites. The greater amount of income equality in a society, the greater this oversimplified view approaches reality.

By the time the top 1% of individuals in a nation own 38% of its wealth and the bottom 40% own just 1% – when the average individual in the top 1% owns 1500 times as much wealth as the average individual in the bottom 40% – the situation has become grave indeed. It is then worth asking the question: Why? Do these people own so much more wealth than other people because they earn it by contributing to society in some way? Or are they predators? Or does the answer lie somewhere in between?

James K. Galbraith, in his book “The Predator State”, notes that the concept of a predator class is not new, and he introduces the concept by first discussing Thorstein Veblen’s “Theory of the Leisure Class”, published in 1899:

The leisure classes do not work. Rather, they hold offices. They perform rituals. They enact deeds of honor…The leisure class is predatory as a matter of course… The relation of overlords to underlings is that of predator to prey. Vested interests… live off the work of others by right and tradition, and not by their functional contribution to the productivity of the system… Predators rely on prey for their sustenance, but they also require and must motivate their assistance…

A major purpose of democracy is to avoid this type of situation, in which a wealthy and powerful elite maintain their wealth and power at the expense of everyone else. Our history has shown that democracy can indeed accomplish great things in this direction, with our high water mark beginning with the Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and continuing until about 1980.

Let’s consider a brief history of political and economic rights in our country, where we are now, the effects of right wing/corporate power, and a vision for the future:


A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN THE U.S.

Political and civil rights


With the founding of our country, a major step was taken towards reducing inequality among human beings. The U.S. Declaration of Independence of 1776 established the philosophical foundation for a nation where all people were to have equal opportunities for a fulfilling life. The ratification of the U.S. Constitution 12 years later, and the subsequent ratification of our Bill of Rights, represented the initial attempts to provide a permanent legal basis for that philosophical foundation.

We made a great deal of progress since that time. From 1812 to 1856, property qualifications for voting were abandoned; passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to our Constitution in 1865-70 ended slavery and provided voting and civil rights to our former slaves; passage of our 19th Amendment in 1920 prohibited the restriction of the right to vote on the basis of sex; our 24th amendment in 1964 prohibited the use of poll taxes to restrict a person’s right to vote; and passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 went a long way towards facilitating enforcement of our 14th and 15th Amendments.


Economic rights beginning in 1933

Beginning with the Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1933, our country began taking major steps towards economic equality in addition to voting equality. Prior to that time, great income disparity existed in our country, with the top 1% of individuals accounting for 17% of annual income and the top 10% accounting for 44% of annual income. But FDR initiated a wide range of policies – collectively referred to as the New Deal – which had the effect of substantially reversing income inequality for the first time in U.S. history. These policies included: Progressive taxation; labor protection laws; and several policies to provide a social safety net for Americans and otherwise reduce income inequality, including the Social Security Act of 1935, the GI Bill of Rights, and the development of several policies to facilitate job creation.

These policies were so successful that they lasted for several decades, despite tremendous opposition from the conservative elites whose wealth had been reduced. From 1932 to 1978, Americans voted for a Democratic President 8 times and a Democratic Congress 22 times, compared to a Republican President 4 times (The Republican Presidents of that era did not attempt to dismantle the New Deal) and a Republican Congress only 2 times. This 46 year bout of relatively liberal voting was accompanied by what Paul Krugman refers to as the greatest sustained economic boom in U.S. history, with median family income levels rising from $22,499 (in 2005 dollars) in 1947 (when accurate statistics first became available) to more than double that, $47,173 in 1980.


The right wing/Republican surge: 1980-2006

But then the gains in political and economic equality described above began to be reversed. Beginning in 1980, and for the next 25 years, except for some moderate growth during the Clinton years, there was almost no growth in median income at all, which rose only to $56,194 by 2005 (85% of that growth accounted for during the Clinton years).

The stagnation of median family income during this period of time was accompanied by a tremendous rise in the wealth of a tiny proportion of our population. This is vividly described by Jack Rasmus, who points out that “More than $1 trillion a year in relative income is now being shifted annually – from roughly 90 million middle and working class families to the wealthiest households and corporations.”

The consequences have been devastating for the middle and working class and the poor: By about 2006, 46 million Americans were without health insurance, which results in thousands of premature deaths every year, including thousands of infants; approximately 7 million Americans who want jobs were unemployed; 12% of American households lacked adequate food; approximately 3 million Americans were homeless in any given year; and 37 million Americans were in poverty, while the poverty rate continued to rise.

These reversals, which returned us to levels of income inequality not seen since pre-New Deal days, were accompanied by intense and largely successful attempts by conservatives to dismantle the New Deal. It is not coincidental that concurrent with the grim economic statistics noted above, we had a Republican President for 19 of 27 years and a Republican Senate for 17 of 27 years (though we did have a Democratic House for the first 14 years of that period).


Our current status

In 2006 popular disgust with right wing elites in general, and Republicans in particular, reached such a high point that the American people replaced both houses of Congress with a Democratic majority. In 2008 that Democratic majority was not only greatly increased, but we elected a Democratic President as well.

But to what extent these events will put us back on the road to democracy, equality and prosperity remains a very open question: Money plays way too big a role in our political process; the right wing controls most of our news media; way too many Americans have accepted a culture of nationalism, militarism, and war as a legitimate instrument of policy; way too many of us accept torture, the favorite tool of tyrants, as a legitimate instrument of policy; and we have gotten used to the idea that the mere mention of the word “national security” provides sufficient excuse for our supreme leader to classify just about any act of government as “secret” and beyond the access of the American public.

William Greider, in his book “Come Home America – The Rise and Fall (and Redeeming Promise) of our Country”, summarizes the problem with corporate power in our country today:

A corporation finances both political parties, but especially the Republicans. It manages the nation’s mainstream political dialogue by supplying a steady flow of expert opinion, ideas, and propaganda. When the largest and most sophisticated corporations work together in lobbying alliances, as they regularly do, their collective influence acts like a headlock on democracy.

This behavior is so commonplace that it is widely accepted as normal. Most politicians will not talk about it… Conventional politicians rarely discuss the systemic problem of corporate power because it might sound radical. It also might provoke corporate retaliation in the next election cycle. The dominating power wielded by business and finance is a central reality in our deformed democracy. Government is a profit center that private enterprise feeds off of and corrupts while it simultaneously blocks action on achieving goals that the citizenry strongly desires… They use their many skills to undermine existing laws and veto popular reforms, to manipulate politics and government in ways that are unavailable to ordinary citizens.

Corporate power could have been a lively topic for debate during the presidential nominating process… Save for honorable exceptions like John Edwards and Dennis Kucinich, most candidates wouldn’t touch it.

The Republican Party – the corporate party – has so disgusted the American people that its approval ratings are currently in the high twenties, and they could very well soon become extinct. But the extinguishing of the Republican Party has resulted in a transfer of corporate attention from Republicans to Democrats, thus resulting in a more conservative Democratic Party. How long will it take the American people to catch on to this and vote out the corporate-favoring Democrats as well as the Republicans?


THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE POWER ON OUR COUNTRY

The fall of the middle class


As the right wing has ascended, the middle class that was built up as a result of FDR’s New Deal continues to decline. Greider explains how the middle class was built in our country and why it is now in decline:

It was done not by “free markets” but through unions, laws, regulations, and standards… The problem, in short, is not foreigners and trade. The big problem is that unions, laws, regulations, and standards have been undercut by conservative policies… the idea that wages and prices should be set by the market, and not interfered with by the political process….

High wages, enforced by strong unions, help ensure that business has no alternative but to stay on its competitive toes… Firms have to hire the best people, at the highest wages, or they will not succeed in competition with other firms.


The effect on unemployment

The right wing elite complains that if unemployment gets too low, that will cause inflation to get out of control and destroy our economy. This theory provides an excuse for them to initiate measures, through the Federal Reserve, to keep unemployment at “acceptably high” levels. Despite their rationalizations for this, the deliberate raising of unemployment by the right wing financial elites is more likely a manifestation of class warfare, practiced by the elites against everyone else. Jared Bernstein, Vice President Biden’s chief economic advisor, explains how this works in his book, “Crunch: Why Do I Feel So Squeezed?”:

It takes a truly tight job market – the kind of job market that gives workers some bargaining power – to give most folks a shot at an equitable distribution of the fruits of their labor. The problem is, despite recent evidence to the contrary, some influential high-rollers in the stock market and at the Federal Reserve believe that low unemployment leads to an overheated economy with price pressures and squeezed profit margins… the other problem is that the folks on one side of this argument – the Fed – can actually do something about it, and in doing so, boost or undermine the efforts of working people. How about that? ….


The effect on democracy

Perhaps worst of all, this spiral of corporate power in our country has had a very toxic effect on democracy. Greider explains (while Bush was still President):

The confusion between serving public and private purposes is the debilitating reality of American democracy. It was expressed most dramatically in the recent financial bailout for Wall Street that committed something like $1 trillion in public funds to save the villains at the expense of the victims. There is more to come. The corporate-financial establishment has organized its allied forces to promote the parallel objective of cutting the federal entitlement programs that serve the people – Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid… The problem, they claim, is that the federal government simply cannot afford these social programs. Cutting the costs of social guarantees can help make up for the public wealth that has been transferred to Wall Street in the bailout. This amounts to bait-and-switch taxation…

Follow the sequence of events: Washington uses public money to replenish the losses of premier banks and investment houses, then it turns to the task of stripping the taxpayers of vital government benefits that working people have already paid for. How much would the people lose in this sleight of hand? The elite sponsors, naturally, won’t say. They are hoping not to upset anyone. This deal will be done behind closed doors.


Corporate predators and the fascist state

The end results of all this is that government and corporate power become so intertwined that it is hard to tell them apart:

A corporation feeds on government like a predator. It harvests vast profits from the tax money collected from other taxpayers while working with other corporations on other fronts to stymie the government system. The corporate machine writes laws for itself and disables existing laws… collectively blocks legislation that might intrude on their interests – think of universal health care… Corporations collaborate to seduce or capture the regulatory agencies that oversee their sectors, often by getting corporate hacks appointed to run those agencies…


A VISION FOR THE FUTURE

FDR and his New Deal brought our country out of the worst depression in our history, led to the development of a strong middle class, and went strong for almost five decades – until the right wingers began taking over. Since he was elected President in 1932, it was another 20 years before Americans elected a Republican President. Even then, President Eisenhower knew damn well that he’d better not tamper with FDR’s programs. This is what he wrote to his brother on the subject:

Should any political party attempt to abolish social security, unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history. There is a tiny splinter group, of course, that believes you can do these things. Among them are…. a few Texas oil millionaires… Their number is negligible and they are stupid.

One of the best visions that I’ve ever seen articulated for the American worker – and American society in general – was articulated by Tony Mazzocchi, founder of the U.S. Labor Party, the man who allied with Karen Silkwood in her attempts hold her corporate bosses accountable for their abuses of the environment and their workers, and one of the greatest and most progressive labor leaders of the 20th Century. Mazzocchi fought all his life for his progressive vision of labor, while doing whatever he could to ally the U.S. labor movement with the environmental, anti-war, and universal health care movements, in the belief that we’re all in this together. He was the driving force behind the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). Before he died of pancreatic cancer in 2002, at the age of 76, he articulated this vision:

Look at how life is defined today in this society. You should toil almost all your waking hours, and you should toil for as many years as you can – longer and longer. Why not a vision of society where people are able to enjoy the arts, relaxation, interaction with other people, free time? They shouldn’t have to be out there working to enrich other people… You listen to any TV financial program and they’ll say, “Well, you should be saving today for tomorrow. In other words, you should be scrimping so that in your old age, you can pay for that long-term nursing home, where somebody’s going to be spoon-feeding you, so you’re not laying in the gutter.” …

Life is really short… Instead of some guy at the top skimming millions of dollars, you could pay for health care for a hell of a lot of people…. You know, there’s an awful lot of wealth out there. If it was distributed appropriately, everyone could have a fairly decent life – I think globally… Not having anyone live in a crappy place. Not everyone has to live in a mansion, but everyone can live in a decent environment. It’s all possible.

Mazzocchi’s biographer, Les Leopold, sums up Mazzochi’s vision:

His highest calling was to demand human freedom – freedom from demeaning and dangerous work, freedom to learn, freedom to live a life full of ideas, engagement, beauty, and friends… The Labor Party was his vehicle to promote such a vision. That it might fail was irrelevant, in the same way that the possible failure of abolition was never an issue for (Lloyd) Garrison. What mattered was trying until you could try no more.

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The Unfulfilled Promise
The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream: The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals




Time for change


Notwithstanding the lofty sentiments and purpose of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, the reality of the United States of America did not then – and never has – lived up to its ideal. Our nation remains today a long way from fulfilling the promise implied by those ideals. Yet, our Declaration was a great start, and it has long shone as a beacon of hope for people all over the world.

Throughout our history, while many have striven to close the gap between our highest ideals and the reality of our nation, others have focused on the accumulation of private wealth and power, at the expense of everyone else. In recent decades the latter have gained much ground, leading to increasing imperialism abroad and deteriorating democracy at home, characterized by routine (and legal) bribery of our public officials, the fusion of government and private corporate interests (corporatocracy), a corrupt election system largely in the hands of private corporations, a corporate controlled communications media, and the widespread acceptance of Executive Branch secrecy, routinely justified with little if any questioning, by the magic words “national security”. All of this is rapidly turning our country from the democracy proclaimed at our founding into a plutocracy (government by the wealthy and for the wealthy). The result is the most obscene wealth gap our country has ever known, the highest imprisonment rate in the world, rampant militarism, routine flaunting of international law, the least efficient health care system in the developed world, a pending environmental catastrophe that threatens to destroy the life sustaining forces of our planet, and myriad other problems that threaten to destroy our nation and tyrannize our people.

My new book, The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream – The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals, explores the roots and consequences of the demise of our democracy, and why most Americans have been unable to understand this process or even become aware of it. A good understanding of why and how we have deviated so greatly from the ideals of our nation is the first and necessary step towards getting back on the right track and revitalizing our society.

The book is currently being sold in electronic PDF format and can be purchased at http://www.unfulfilledpromise.com/Buy-the-... for $3.99. It will also soon be available in Amazon Kindle format. DU members who cannot afford to buy the book but would like to read it can pm me with your e-mail address, and I will send you a free PDF copy.

I’ve previously posted on DU a slightly earlier version of the introduction to the book, which is also posted at my site. Here is the Table of Contents, followed by a brief description of the three parts of the book:


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Acknowledgements
Prologue – What is Wrong with the United States of America?

Part I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy
Chapter 1 – Legalized Bribery
Chapter 2 – Human Psychological Factors
Chapter 3 – Corporatocracy
Chapter 4 – Corporate Control of Media
Chapter 5 – Corrupt Election System
Chapter 6 – Government Secrecy
Chapter 7 – American Exceptionalism

Part II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions
Chapter 8 – Slavery and its Legacy
Chapter 9 – Early U.S. Imperialism
Chapter 10 – U.S. Imperialism in Cold War
Chapter 11 – Iraq War and Occupation
Chapter 12 – Afghanistan War

Part III – Consequences
Chapter 13 – Election of George W. Bush
Chapter 14 – War and Imperialism
Chapter 15 – Class Warfare
Chapter 16 – Predator Financial Class
Chapter 17 – Shock Therapy
Chapter 18 – Contempt for Int. Law
Chapter 19 – The “War on Drugs”
Chapter 20 – Climate Change
Chapter 21 – “War on Terror”
Chapter 22 – Health Care
Chapter 23 – Unaccountable government
Chapter 24 – Response to 9/11 Attacks
Epilogue


PART I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy

It is somewhat difficult to separate the causes of our problems from their consequences, since they combine to form a long chain of cause leading to consequence, leading to more consequences, etcetera. Nevertheless, it seems worth while to identify the root causes of our problems, those that occur early in the chain and lead to so many of the tragic consequences we see today. The only chance we have of reversing the demise of our democracy is through addressing and attacking its root causes.

At the top of the list is the systematic bribery of public officials by the powerful corporations (Chapter 1) whom our government is charged with regulating in the public interest. Instead of calling it bribery, we call it “campaign contributions”, but what we call it isn’t as important as what it is. It is hard to fathom how democracy can survive when such a practice is legal and condoned.

Working in tandem with our system of legalized bribery is the nature of the people who inhabit our country. That is not to say that Americans are inherently substantially different than any other people. Human beings are imperfect, and that is probably a major reason why in a world where civilization began more than five millennia ago, the oldest written national framework of government in the world today – the Constitution of the United States of America – is only a little more than two and a quarter centuries old. Chapter 2 explores the roles of basic human needs, authoritarianism, psychological defense mechanisms used to prevent us from perceiving reality as it is rather than as we’d like it to be, and corrupted ideologies in causing us to passively accept the accumulation of power in the hands of ambitious and ruthless individuals who care about little else than expanding their own wealth and power.

When bribery of public officials is tolerated as an inevitable aspect of public life, government inevitably grows close to the wealthy interests that shower it with money in return for legislative and other favors. A malevolent symbiosis grows between the state and corporate power, resulting in rule by an oligarchy that is highly detrimental to the lives of ordinary people (Chapter 3). Using their accumulated wealth and power to manipulate our legislative process, the oligarchy grabs for more and more control of the communications media (Chapter 4) that are used to control the information available to and shape the attitudes of our nation’s people, in pursuit of their own narrow interests.

Since the 1980s an orchestrated campaign has been underway to demonize “big government”, thereby paving the way for private corporate control over more and more functions that were previously deemed intrinsic functions of government. Among those functions is the running of public elections (Chapter 5) – the function that symbolizes democracy perhaps more than any other single function. Consequently, the purging of selected registered voters from our computerized voter rolls has become a routine recurring event throughout much of our country, and without a doubt determined the results of the 2000 – and probably 2004 as well – presidential election. Just as bad, more and more of the counting of votes in our public elections have been turned over to private corporations, which count our votes using electronic machines using secret software to produce vote counts that cannot be verified by anyone.

Bribery, the fusion of government and private interest, fake and biased news, and corrupt elections are not things that government and its corporate allies want us to know about. Consequently, they construct walls of secrecy (Chapter 6) to keep us from obtaining information that sheds light on their activities. The perfect phrase for facilitating this is “national security”. When our government tells us that the “national security” requires that certain things be kept secret from us, the understanding is that to question such a pronouncement is unpatriotic, and to actually attempt to obtain the “secret” information may be treasonous.

But indefinitely maintaining secrets from the American people can be very difficult, because at least some people want to know what their government is up to. So in addition to the formal mechanisms of secrecy, informal mechanisms are constructed (Chapter 7) to keep vital information away from us. One of the primary methods for doing this is to make certain sensitive subjects taboo – that is, to create the widespread belief that discussion of these topics is so outside the bounds of acceptable human discourse that anyone who discusses them should be shunned by society, or worse. The most common issue that falls into this category is any discussion that sheds light on the disparity between American ideals and the reality of life in our country today.


PART II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions in U.S. History

Notwithstanding the fact that our founding document says that “all men are created equal” and speaks of the inalienable rights of humankind, the United States has throughout its history partaken of massive exploitation of other peoples.

It is estimated that at the time of our birth, 18% of our population was black slaves. In our expansion westwards during the late 18th and 19th centuries, we decimated the original inhabitants of our continent, and often treated them with great cruelty. In 1846 we manufactured an excuse for war with our neighbor Mexico, in which we continued to expand our country westwards and southwards. In 1893 we began our overseas imperialism with the conquest of Hawaii. Our overseas expansion was greatly accelerated in 1898 with our participation in the Spanish-American War, which led to our conquest of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. With our arrival at world superpower status at the end of World War II, we began the Cold War, which led to and served as a rationalization for covert and/or direct military actions against myriad foreign nations over the next 46 years. With the September 11, 2001 attacks on our country, we declared a perpetual “War on Terror”, which served and continues to serve as an excuse to invade and occupy Iraq and Afghanistan, nations that posed no threat to us. We do not know when or if this perpetual war will ever end. We don’t know how many additional imperial conquests it will lead to.

Most Americans don’t think much about all this. Many of these actions are done in secrecy, and the American people don’t find out about them until many years later – or we never find out about them at all. Those that we do know about are spun into the most favorable light, to make them seem benign or even noble.

But these actions come at great costs: in the lives of our soldiers; in the ruined lives of the peoples of the victim countries; in trillions of dollars cost to our people and their future generations; in our international reputation; in anti-American hatred leading to terrorism; and, to our democracy itself. For how can a nation claim to believe in the inalienable rights of humankind specified in its founding document, while making a mockery of that belief in the way it treats other peoples? For that reason alone it is worth while to take a brief look at our long history of imperialist actions.


PART III – Consequences

In the Prologue I give a brief account of what I see as some of the worst and tragic consequences of the root causes that I discuss in Part I – to enable the reader to see where this book is heading. When elections of our public officials are for sale to the highest bidder… when our public officials are so addicted to the “campaign contributions” of their wealthiest constituents that they develop a symbiotic relationship with them… when our communications media are owned and controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy elites… when our citizenry lack the ability to differentiate propaganda from reality… when we allow machines provided by private corporations to count our votes using secret electronic software… then we should expect that the consequences will not be pretty or comfortable for the vast majority of our citizens.

In Part III, I explore those consequences in much greater detail, in the hope that the reader will agree with me that these are very serious problems, and that they must be successfully addressed if our country is ever to fulfill the promise of its ideals, or even make progress in that direction. When enough Americans recognize our problems as problems, stripped of the gloss and spin put on them by our oligarchy, they will rise up and do something about them. Until then there will be no progress, and we are very likely to head in the direction of all the former empires of our planet, ending in chaos, widespread catastrophe, suffering, and ignominy.

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