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THE UNFULFILLED PROMISE
Posted by Time for change in General Discussion (1/22-2007 thru 12/14/2010)
Fri Nov 20th 2009, 08:04 PM
Millions of women throughout the world are abused or terrorized to the extent that their lives are a living hell. This demands a solution, and education is key. Uneducated women and girls tend to be much more docile than educated women and girls, bec
The purpose of “Half the Sky – Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide”, by Pulitzer Prize Winning authors Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, is pretty much self-evident from the subtitle. The authors say in the introduction to their book that their primary areas of emphasis are: sex trafficking and the forced prostitution that accompanies it; gender-based violence against women; and maternal mortality (mortality associated with pregnancy or childbirth).

The United Nations’ International Labour Organization estimates that there are currently about 12.3 million people in the world performing forced labor, including prostitution. Kristoff and WuDunn estimate conservatively that there are at least 3 million women and girls (and a very small number of boys) who could accurately be termed “enslaved in the sex trade” – and numbers have been increasing in recent decades. It can be very difficult to make accurate estimates on these kinds of things, because of their illegal status and because there can be a very fine line between forced and “voluntary” prostitution. The 3 million “enslaved” women and girls refer mostly to those who are kept locked up. In addition, there are many more who are manipulated or intimidated into working for sex, including those who owe their bosses so much money (for “travel expense”, for example) at such high interest rates that they will essentially be forced to work for them until they die. And then there are millions more who are under the age of 18, whose “consent” to work in the sex trade is pretty much morally and legally meaningless.

Education is key to the solution. Uneducated women and girls tend to be much more docile than educated women and girls, because there are many cultures throughout the world that teach them to be docile from the time that they’re born. Formal education can undo that teaching. Sex traffickers greatly prefer to deal with uneducated, docile women and girls, because educated women tend to have the capability, confidence and motivation to make great trouble for them.

In showing how women and girls are abused, Kristoff and WeDunn present a lot of individual examples, based on their research and interviews with the victims. In a section of the book titled “Learning to Speak Up”, they tell the story that is the subject of this post. It is a story of the terrorization of a low class neighborhood in India by a group of thugs, how the women of that neighborhood developed the courage to fight back, and what they did with that courage.


Terror in Kasturba Nagar

Kasturba Nagar is a slum neighborhood in India, composed almost entirely of the lowest caste of Indians, who are referred to as Dalits – Untouchables. The authors describe how a higher-caste man, Akku Yadav, with the help of his “gang of hoodlums”, terrorized the neighborhood for 15 years. They robbed for profit, and they raped, tortured and occasionally murdered in order to keep the population intimidated. Dalits who complained to the police about these things would often be arrested for complaining. The authors give many examples of the terror in the neighborhood. Here is an excerpt:

According to neighbors in the slum, Akku Yadav… took one woman … and tortured her in front of her daughter and several neighbors by cutting off her breasts. Then he sliced her into pieces on the street. One of the neighbors… planned to go to the police, so Akku Yadav butchered him as well… The more barbaric the behavior, the more the population was cowed into acquiescence. Twenty-five families moved away from Kasturba Nagar, but most had no choice. They adjusted by pulling their daughters out of school and keeping them locked up inside their homes.


Developing the courage to fight back

There was one family that was different. The Narayane family considered education to be very important. In a neighborhood where no other person had ever gone to college, the parents saved up money to educate their children, and all five of them graduated from college. Akku Yadav wisely never bothered that family. One of the daughters, Usha, with her university degree managed to move away from Kasturba Nagar, and one day she came back for a visit.

When Akku Yadav raped a 13 year old girl and threatened to kill the Narayane family’s neighbors, Usha went to the police to file a complaint. But all the police did was inform Akku Yadav of Usha’s actions, thus enraging him. The authors describe what Akku Yadav did next:

He (Akku Yadav) and forty of this thugs showed up at the Narayane house and surrounded it. Akku Yadav carried a bottle of acid and shouted through the door “You withdraw the complaint and I won’t harm you”.

Usha barricaded the door and shouted back that she would never give in. Then she frantically telephoned the police. They said that they would come, but they never did. Meanwhile, Akku Yadav was pounding on the door: “I’ll throw acid on your face… If we ever meet you, you don’t know what we’ll do to you. Gang rape is nothing. You can’t imagine what we’ll do to you”…

He and his men tried to batter the door down. So Usha turned on the cylinder of gas the family used for cooking and grabbed a match: “If you break into the house, I’ll light the match and blow us all up”, she shouted wildly. The thugs could smell the gas, and they hesitated. “Back off, or you’ll ge blown up”, Usha shouted again. The attackers stepped back.


The Dalits fight back

Word of the confrontation spread, and neighbors gathered around to watch:

When they saw Usha fighting back… finally forcing the gang to retreat, they found courage. Soon there were a hundred angry Dalits on the street, and they began picking up sticks and stones. “People realized that if he could do this to Usha, there was just no hope”, one neighbor explained. Stones began to fly toward Akku Yadav’s men, who saw the ugly mood and fled. The mood in the slum became giddy. For the first time, the people had won a confrontation. The Dalits marched through the slum, celebrating. Then they went down the street to Akku Yadav’s house and burned it to the ground.

Akku Yadav went to the police, and they arrested him for his own protection. A bail hearing was set. Having no confidence in the legal system after experiencing it for so many years, hundreds of women marched to the courtroom for the hearing, where they found seats. Akku Yadav strutted in, mocking one of the women he had previously raped by shouting at her that he would rape her again. Then, the woman he shouted at:

rushed forward and hit him on the head with a slipper. “This time, either I will kill you, or you will kill me”, she shrieked. At that, the dam burst, apparently by prearrangement. All the women from Kasturba Nagar pressed forward and surrounded Akku Yadav, screaming and shouting. Some threw chili powder in the faces of Akku Yadav and the two police officers guarding him. The police, blinded and overwhelmed, fled at once. Then the women pulled knives from their clothing and began stabbing Akku Yadav.

“Forgive me”, he shouted, in terror now. “Forgive me! I won’t do it again.” The women passed their knives around and kept stabbing him. Each woman had agreed to stab him at least once. Then… the women hacked off Akku Yadav’s penis… By the end, he was mincemeat…

The bloodied women marched triumphantly back to Kasturba Nagar to tell their husbands and fathers that they had destroyed the monster. The slum erupted in celebration… The festivities resembled a giant wedding.

The police arrested Usha as the suspected mastermind behind the plot. But the incident focused public attention on the plight of the Dalits. A retired high court judge publicly sided with the women, saying “In the circumstances they underwent, they were left with no alternative but to finish Akku. The women repeatedly pleaded with the police for their security. But the police failed to protect them.”

To protect Usha, hundreds of women from Kasturba Nagar took responsibility for the killing. Under intense pressure, the police released Usha after two weeks.


Thoughts on the killing of Akku Yadav

I found this story highly inspiring, and even heart warming. So I had to ask myself, as someone who doesn’t believe in vigilante justice or the death penalty, and who hates to watch violence of any kind, how could I feel like that?

My answer is that these women were in a situation of war – through no choice of their own. Their actions were a matter of self defense in the course of war. Vigilante justice is a very bad thing in places where the rule of law exists as an alternative. But there was little or no rule of law in Kasturba Nagar. In such a place, the choices are not between vigilante justice and the rule of law. The choices are between vigilante justice and no justice at all. In other words, the choices are between vigilante justice and submission to tyranny of the worst kind. Their actions were a matter of self defense. In my opinion those actions were every bit as justifiable as those of the leaders of the American Revolutionary War or the German Army officers who plotted unsuccessfully to assassinate Hitler (and paid for that attempt with their lives).

But did their killing have to be so brutal? I believe it did. If a lone assassin had shot Akku Yadav in the head, others would probably arise to take his place and continue the terror. But the manner of the killing was such that Akku Yadav’s thugs would think long and hard before making the decision to take his place.

Though I believe that the majority of my country’s wars have not been justifiable, I am not a pacifist. I believe in the principles of war enunciated by the United Nations – that it is justifiable only in cases of self-defense, or to stop certain types of catastrophes, such as genocide.

This is not just an academic question. Millions of women throughout the world are abused or terrorized to the extent that their lives are a living hell. This demands a solution. Kristof and WuDunn feel much the same way about it as I do. They comment at the end of the chapter that I just described:

The saga of Kasturba Nagar is unsettling, with no easy moral. After years of watching women quietly accept abuse, it is cathartic to see someone like Usha lead a countercharge – even if we’re uncomfortable with the bloody denouement and cannot condone murder. Empowerment… is truly what is needed. The first step toward greater justice is to transform that culture of female docility and subservience, so that women themselves become more assertive and demanding… When a woman does stand up, it’s imperative that outsiders champion her; we also must nurture institutions to protect such people. Sometimes we may even need to provide asylum for those whose lives are in danger. More broadly, the single most important way to encourage women and girls to stand up for their rights is education, and we can do far more to promote universal education in poor countries.

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The Unfulfilled Promise
The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream: The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals




Time for change


Notwithstanding the lofty sentiments and purpose of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, the reality of the United States of America did not then – and never has – lived up to its ideal. Our nation remains today a long way from fulfilling the promise implied by those ideals. Yet, our Declaration was a great start, and it has long shone as a beacon of hope for people all over the world.

Throughout our history, while many have striven to close the gap between our highest ideals and the reality of our nation, others have focused on the accumulation of private wealth and power, at the expense of everyone else. In recent decades the latter have gained much ground, leading to increasing imperialism abroad and deteriorating democracy at home, characterized by routine (and legal) bribery of our public officials, the fusion of government and private corporate interests (corporatocracy), a corrupt election system largely in the hands of private corporations, a corporate controlled communications media, and the widespread acceptance of Executive Branch secrecy, routinely justified with little if any questioning, by the magic words “national security”. All of this is rapidly turning our country from the democracy proclaimed at our founding into a plutocracy (government by the wealthy and for the wealthy). The result is the most obscene wealth gap our country has ever known, the highest imprisonment rate in the world, rampant militarism, routine flaunting of international law, the least efficient health care system in the developed world, a pending environmental catastrophe that threatens to destroy the life sustaining forces of our planet, and myriad other problems that threaten to destroy our nation and tyrannize our people.

My new book, The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream – The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals, explores the roots and consequences of the demise of our democracy, and why most Americans have been unable to understand this process or even become aware of it. A good understanding of why and how we have deviated so greatly from the ideals of our nation is the first and necessary step towards getting back on the right track and revitalizing our society.

The book is currently being sold in electronic PDF format and can be purchased at http://www.unfulfilledpromise.com/Buy-the-... for $3.99. It will also soon be available in Amazon Kindle format. DU members who cannot afford to buy the book but would like to read it can pm me with your e-mail address, and I will send you a free PDF copy.

I’ve previously posted on DU a slightly earlier version of the introduction to the book, which is also posted at my site. Here is the Table of Contents, followed by a brief description of the three parts of the book:


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Acknowledgements
Prologue – What is Wrong with the United States of America?

Part I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy
Chapter 1 – Legalized Bribery
Chapter 2 – Human Psychological Factors
Chapter 3 – Corporatocracy
Chapter 4 – Corporate Control of Media
Chapter 5 – Corrupt Election System
Chapter 6 – Government Secrecy
Chapter 7 – American Exceptionalism

Part II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions
Chapter 8 – Slavery and its Legacy
Chapter 9 – Early U.S. Imperialism
Chapter 10 – U.S. Imperialism in Cold War
Chapter 11 – Iraq War and Occupation
Chapter 12 – Afghanistan War

Part III – Consequences
Chapter 13 – Election of George W. Bush
Chapter 14 – War and Imperialism
Chapter 15 – Class Warfare
Chapter 16 – Predator Financial Class
Chapter 17 – Shock Therapy
Chapter 18 – Contempt for Int. Law
Chapter 19 – The “War on Drugs”
Chapter 20 – Climate Change
Chapter 21 – “War on Terror”
Chapter 22 – Health Care
Chapter 23 – Unaccountable government
Chapter 24 – Response to 9/11 Attacks
Epilogue


PART I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy

It is somewhat difficult to separate the causes of our problems from their consequences, since they combine to form a long chain of cause leading to consequence, leading to more consequences, etcetera. Nevertheless, it seems worth while to identify the root causes of our problems, those that occur early in the chain and lead to so many of the tragic consequences we see today. The only chance we have of reversing the demise of our democracy is through addressing and attacking its root causes.

At the top of the list is the systematic bribery of public officials by the powerful corporations (Chapter 1) whom our government is charged with regulating in the public interest. Instead of calling it bribery, we call it “campaign contributions”, but what we call it isn’t as important as what it is. It is hard to fathom how democracy can survive when such a practice is legal and condoned.

Working in tandem with our system of legalized bribery is the nature of the people who inhabit our country. That is not to say that Americans are inherently substantially different than any other people. Human beings are imperfect, and that is probably a major reason why in a world where civilization began more than five millennia ago, the oldest written national framework of government in the world today – the Constitution of the United States of America – is only a little more than two and a quarter centuries old. Chapter 2 explores the roles of basic human needs, authoritarianism, psychological defense mechanisms used to prevent us from perceiving reality as it is rather than as we’d like it to be, and corrupted ideologies in causing us to passively accept the accumulation of power in the hands of ambitious and ruthless individuals who care about little else than expanding their own wealth and power.

When bribery of public officials is tolerated as an inevitable aspect of public life, government inevitably grows close to the wealthy interests that shower it with money in return for legislative and other favors. A malevolent symbiosis grows between the state and corporate power, resulting in rule by an oligarchy that is highly detrimental to the lives of ordinary people (Chapter 3). Using their accumulated wealth and power to manipulate our legislative process, the oligarchy grabs for more and more control of the communications media (Chapter 4) that are used to control the information available to and shape the attitudes of our nation’s people, in pursuit of their own narrow interests.

Since the 1980s an orchestrated campaign has been underway to demonize “big government”, thereby paving the way for private corporate control over more and more functions that were previously deemed intrinsic functions of government. Among those functions is the running of public elections (Chapter 5) – the function that symbolizes democracy perhaps more than any other single function. Consequently, the purging of selected registered voters from our computerized voter rolls has become a routine recurring event throughout much of our country, and without a doubt determined the results of the 2000 – and probably 2004 as well – presidential election. Just as bad, more and more of the counting of votes in our public elections have been turned over to private corporations, which count our votes using electronic machines using secret software to produce vote counts that cannot be verified by anyone.

Bribery, the fusion of government and private interest, fake and biased news, and corrupt elections are not things that government and its corporate allies want us to know about. Consequently, they construct walls of secrecy (Chapter 6) to keep us from obtaining information that sheds light on their activities. The perfect phrase for facilitating this is “national security”. When our government tells us that the “national security” requires that certain things be kept secret from us, the understanding is that to question such a pronouncement is unpatriotic, and to actually attempt to obtain the “secret” information may be treasonous.

But indefinitely maintaining secrets from the American people can be very difficult, because at least some people want to know what their government is up to. So in addition to the formal mechanisms of secrecy, informal mechanisms are constructed (Chapter 7) to keep vital information away from us. One of the primary methods for doing this is to make certain sensitive subjects taboo – that is, to create the widespread belief that discussion of these topics is so outside the bounds of acceptable human discourse that anyone who discusses them should be shunned by society, or worse. The most common issue that falls into this category is any discussion that sheds light on the disparity between American ideals and the reality of life in our country today.


PART II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions in U.S. History

Notwithstanding the fact that our founding document says that “all men are created equal” and speaks of the inalienable rights of humankind, the United States has throughout its history partaken of massive exploitation of other peoples.

It is estimated that at the time of our birth, 18% of our population was black slaves. In our expansion westwards during the late 18th and 19th centuries, we decimated the original inhabitants of our continent, and often treated them with great cruelty. In 1846 we manufactured an excuse for war with our neighbor Mexico, in which we continued to expand our country westwards and southwards. In 1893 we began our overseas imperialism with the conquest of Hawaii. Our overseas expansion was greatly accelerated in 1898 with our participation in the Spanish-American War, which led to our conquest of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. With our arrival at world superpower status at the end of World War II, we began the Cold War, which led to and served as a rationalization for covert and/or direct military actions against myriad foreign nations over the next 46 years. With the September 11, 2001 attacks on our country, we declared a perpetual “War on Terror”, which served and continues to serve as an excuse to invade and occupy Iraq and Afghanistan, nations that posed no threat to us. We do not know when or if this perpetual war will ever end. We don’t know how many additional imperial conquests it will lead to.

Most Americans don’t think much about all this. Many of these actions are done in secrecy, and the American people don’t find out about them until many years later – or we never find out about them at all. Those that we do know about are spun into the most favorable light, to make them seem benign or even noble.

But these actions come at great costs: in the lives of our soldiers; in the ruined lives of the peoples of the victim countries; in trillions of dollars cost to our people and their future generations; in our international reputation; in anti-American hatred leading to terrorism; and, to our democracy itself. For how can a nation claim to believe in the inalienable rights of humankind specified in its founding document, while making a mockery of that belief in the way it treats other peoples? For that reason alone it is worth while to take a brief look at our long history of imperialist actions.


PART III – Consequences

In the Prologue I give a brief account of what I see as some of the worst and tragic consequences of the root causes that I discuss in Part I – to enable the reader to see where this book is heading. When elections of our public officials are for sale to the highest bidder… when our public officials are so addicted to the “campaign contributions” of their wealthiest constituents that they develop a symbiotic relationship with them… when our communications media are owned and controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy elites… when our citizenry lack the ability to differentiate propaganda from reality… when we allow machines provided by private corporations to count our votes using secret electronic software… then we should expect that the consequences will not be pretty or comfortable for the vast majority of our citizens.

In Part III, I explore those consequences in much greater detail, in the hope that the reader will agree with me that these are very serious problems, and that they must be successfully addressed if our country is ever to fulfill the promise of its ideals, or even make progress in that direction. When enough Americans recognize our problems as problems, stripped of the gloss and spin put on them by our oligarchy, they will rise up and do something about them. Until then there will be no progress, and we are very likely to head in the direction of all the former empires of our planet, ending in chaos, widespread catastrophe, suffering, and ignominy.

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