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THE UNFULFILLED PROMISE
Posted by Time for change in General Discussion
Mon Nov 21st 2011, 10:45 PM
Responding to climate change requires that we break every rule in the free-market playbook, with great urgency. We need to rebuild the public sphere, reverse privatizations, relocalize large parts of economies, scale back overconsumption, bring back
One might think that reasonable people wouldn’t let ideology influence their interpretation of scientific studies. But the fact is that ideology is the strongest predictor of one’s interpretation of data bearing on the issue of climate change. For example, Gallup polls show that, whereas in 1998 Republicans and Democrats had similar views on whether global temperatures were rising, by 2008, 76% of Democrats, but only 41% of Republicans believed that “the effects of global warming have already begun:



In the same poll, only 42% of Republicans believe (compared to 73% of Democrats) that “Changes in the Earth’s temperature over the last century are due more to human activities than to natural changes in the environment.” Naomi Klein notes in a recent article that in some regions only 20% of Republicans accept the scientific consensus (among climate scientists) on climate change.

These ignorant Republican beliefs are despite a study conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), of 928 papers on the subject appearing in peer reviewed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003. Of those papers, not a single one disagreed with the consensus that global warming is real, is produced by greenhouse gases due to industrial activities, is highly likely to have catastrophic effects on humanity, and can be mitigated only by addressing the industrial causes of the production of greenhouse gases.
In addition to the IPPC, all other major scientific organizations in the United States with expertise on this issue agree with the consensus. These include the American Meteorological Society, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, among many others.

Despite the continuing ideological divide on this issue, by 2011 the effects of global warming have been becoming so evident that 83% of all Americans now believe that the Earth’s temperature is rising.


Climate change deniers

Climate change denial has been a major force in national and global politics over the past several decades. Fueled and funded by interests whose wealth and power stand to be curtailed by world-wide efforts to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, climate change denial has become so pervasive that it has affected the beliefs of many otherwise progressive people.
A 2007 article appearing in Newsweek, titled “The Truth about Denial” discussed how climate change denial has greatly hampered efforts to address the problem:

Since the late 1980s, this well-coordinated, well-funded campaign by contrarian scientists, free-market think tanks and industry has created a paralyzing fog of doubt around climate change. Through advertisements, op-eds, lobbying and media attention, greenhouse doubters (they hate being called deniers) argued first that the world is not warming; measurements indicating otherwise are flawed, they said. Then they claimed that any warming is natural, not caused by human activities. Now they contend that the looming warming will be minuscule and harmless.

George Monbiot, in an article titled “The Denial Industry”, gets to the heart of the problem in the first paragraph:

For years, a network of fake citizens' groups and bogus scientific bodies has been claiming that the science of global warming is inconclusive. They set back action on climate change by a decade. But who funded them?

Exxon Mobile
An article about a report by the Union of Concerned Scientists, titled “Scientists’ Report Documents ExxonMobil’s Tobacco-like Disinformation Campaign on Global Warming Science”, summarized the role that ExxonMobil has played in damping government action to address the problem:

ExxonMobil has funneled nearly $16 million between 1998 and 2005 to a network of 43 advocacy organizations that seek to confuse the public on global warming science. "ExxonMobil has manufactured uncertainty about the human causes of global warming just as tobacco companies denied their product caused lung cancer," said Alden Meyer, the Union of Concerned Scientists' Director of Strategy & Policy. "A modest but effective investment has allowed the oil giant to fuel doubt about global warming to delay government action just as Big Tobacco did for over 40 years."

The Competitive Enterprise Institute
Though the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) claims to be an organization “whose research on public policy reflects the principles of free enterprise, individual liberty and limited government”, it is one of the premier climate change denial organizations in the world. Its major funding sources have included ExxonMobil, the American Petroleum Institute, Dow Chemical, General Motors, and Richard Scaife.

Scientists who allegedly disagree with the consensus on climate change
Much has been made of a research paper by Klaus-Martin Schulte, which evaluated 528 papers on climate change between 2004 and 2007. According to Schulte, 6% of the articles rejected the climate change consensus and 48% were neutral on the subject. With regard to the so-called neutral articles, they can be easily explained on the basis that the consensus is so well established that it isn’t necessary to explicitly endorse it:

Nowadays, earth science papers are rarely found explicitly endorsing plate tectonics, as the theory is established and taken for granted. The fact that so many studies on climate change don't bother to endorse the consensus position is significant because scientists have largely moved from what's causing global warming onto discussing details of the problem (e.g. - how fast, how soon, impacts, etc).

With regard to the alleged 6% of articles that rejected the consensus, independent evaluation of the papers that were available at the time told a different story: some were found not to be scientific papers; some were found not to reject the consensus view; and some scientific papers that did reject the consensus views were found to have based the rejection on invalid reasoning. (It is unclear if any of the articles that Schulte cited were scientific articles that used valid arguments to reject the consensus view on climate change.) It is also noteworthy that Schulte refused to answer questions about his relationship to the oil industry.


Here is an entertaining article that provides information on the “top 10” climate change deniers”.


Explanations for climate change denial

There are two major – and related – explanations for climate change denial. As with so many other issues, one explanation applies to the American oligarchy – those billionaire elites and the prostitutes they pay to echo their message, whose fortunes stand to be somewhat reduced if our country was to take the issue of climate change seriously and plan to do something about it. These are mostly intelligent people. Few of them are so stupid as to believe their own propaganda. They know that the climate scientists are correct, that the life sustaining properties of our planet are being destroyed by the industrial activities upon which their fortunes are largely based. But they simply don’t much care. Their aims are focused on their short-term profits, and they figure (correctly to some extent) that their wealth will allow them to escape the most catastrophic effects of global warming until they die of natural causes.

The other explanation is more complex, and it applies to ordinary right wingers who are content to believe on faith what they hear from their right wing elite idols. The bottom line, as Naomi Klein discusses at great length in an article titled “Capitalism Vs. the Climate”, is that if we were to take climate change and its looming catastrophic consequences seriously, that would mean that our government and our people would have to take intensive measures to address the problem. Those measures would contradict the most cherished ideals of right-wingers on the proper role of government in a free society. Klein explains:

At a time when a growing number of people agree with the protesters at Occupy Wall Street, many of whom argue that capitalism-as-usual is itself the cause of lost jobs and debt slavery, there is a unique opportunity to seize the economic terrain from the right. This would require making a persuasive case that the real solutions to the climate crisis are also our best hope of building a much more enlightened economic system – one that closes deep inequalities, strengthens and transforms the public sphere, generates plentiful, dignified work and radically reins in corporate power. It would also require a shift away from the notion that climate action is just one issue on a laundry list of worthy causes vying for progressive attention. Just as climate denialism has become a core identity issue on the right, utterly entwined with defending current systems of power and wealth, the scientific reality of climate change must, for progressives, occupy a central place in a coherent narrative about the perils of unrestrained greed and the need for real alternatives.

Klein discusses the psychological effects on the typical right wing climate change denier if s/he were to change their views on this issue in accordance with the scientific facts:

For these right-wingers, opposition to climate change has become as central to their worldview as low taxes, gun ownership and opposition to abortion. Many climate scientists report receiving death threats, as do authors of articles on subjects as seemingly innocuous as energy conservation. (As one letter writer put it... “You can pry my thermostat out of my cold dead hands.”) This culture-war intensity is the worst news of all, because when you challenge a person’s position on an issue core to his or her identity, facts and arguments are seen as little more than further attacks, easily deflected.


The political consequences of taking climate change seriously

In one large section of her article, Klein describes in detail what addressing climate change would mean. The bottom line is that in a great many respects it would entail taking an approach to government that would validate the liberal ideas of the proper role of government in our society, and demolish right wing views on that issue:

After years of recycling, carbon offsetting and light bulb changing, it is obvious that individual action will never be an adequate response to the climate crisis. Climate change is a collective problem, and it demands collective action. One of the key areas in which this collective action must take place is big-ticket investments designed to reduce our emissions on a mass scale. That means subways, streetcars and light-rail systems that are not only everywhere but affordable to everyone; energy-efficient affordable housing along those transit lines; smart electrical grids carrying renewable energy; and a massive research effort to ensure that we are using the best methods possible.

The private sector is ill suited to providing most of these services because they require large up-front investments and, if they are to be genuinely accessible to all, some very well may not be profitable. They are, however, decidedly in the public interest, which is why they should come from the public sector….

The gravity of the climate crisis cries out for a radically new conception of realism, as well as a very different understanding of limits. Government budget deficits are not nearly as dangerous as the deficits we have created in vital and complex natural systems.
Changing our culture to respect those limits will require all of our collective muscle – to get ourselves off fossil fuels and to shore up communal infrastructure for the coming storms.

That is the heart of Klein’s argument. She also discusses in detail a large number of highly related points. Addressing the climate change issue would require: long-term governmental planning; regulating a large range of corporate activities; localizing production, so as to decrease the cost of transporting goods; developing more realistic, people-centered economic indicators, to replace measures like GDP, that focus on “growth”, to the detriment of quality of life, and; appropriately taxing the rich and activities that harm our environment. Klein goes into some detail on this:

That means taxing carbon, as well as financial speculation. It means increasing taxes on corporations and the wealthy, cutting bloated military budgets and eliminating absurd subsidies to the fossil fuel industry. And governments will have to coordinate their responses so that corporations will have nowhere to hide. Most of all, however, we need to go after the profits of the corporations most responsible for getting us into this mess…. The top five oil companies made $900 billion in profits in the past decade… For years, these companies have pledged to use their profits to invest in a shift to renewable energy… Instead, they continue to pour their profits into shareholder pockets, outrageous executive pay and new technologies designed to extract even dirtier and more dangerous fossil fuels. Plenty of money has also gone to paying lobbyists to beat back every piece of climate legislation that has reared its head, and to fund the denier movement… It is high time for the “polluter pays” principle to be applied to climate change… Since corporations can be counted on to resist any new rules that cut into their profits, nationalization – the greatest free-market taboo of all – cannot be off the table.


The politics of climate change appears to be changing for the better

Bill McKibben, who has written several books on climate change and the political issues surrounding it, and who was arrested for civil disobedience in connection with protesting against construction of the Keystone XL pipeline, recently wrote that he believes that the politics of climate change are changing for the better.

Perhaps the main reason for his belief is President Obama’s recent announcement that he would postpone a decision on the Keystone XL pipeline until after the 2012 election – which may effectively kill the project. McKibben also points to a number of other indicators of a changing political climate. He points to a scientist whose climate change research was funded by the Koch brothers, and yet who found that

what do you know, all the other teams of climate-change scientists were, um, right. The planet was indeed warming just as fast as they… and the melting ice had been insisting.

McKibben also points to the abundance of weird weather events in recent years:

It’s been hard to miss the record flooding along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, and across the Northeast; the record drought and fires across the Southwest; the record multi-billion dollar weather disasters across the country this year; the record pretty-much everything-you-don’t-want across the nation. Obama certainly noticed…

He points to the fact that:

the number of Americans who understand that the planet is indeed warming and that we’re to blame appears to be on the rise again.

And he points to the fact that all of the Republican candidates for president are making complete fools of themselves through their stubborn denial of the scientific facts on this issue. He consequently notes that President Obama has probably decided that taking up the cause global warming will allow him to campaign on this issue against whatever idiot wins the Republican nomination.

McKibben notes that the Obama administration, until its decision to postpone a decision on the XL pipeline, has not been good at all on this issue:

To put the matter politely, they’ve been far from perfect on the issue: the president didn’t bother to waste any of his vaunted “political capital” on a climate bill, and he’s opened huge swaths of territory to coal mining and offshore drilling.

At the end of his article, McKibben summarizes what he sees as our current political outlook on this issue:

Blocking the pipeline finally gave him (Obama) some credibility here – and it gave a lot more of the same to citizens' movements to change our world. Since a lot of folks suspect that the only way forward economically has something to do with a clean energy future, I’m guessing that the pipeline decision won’t be the only surprise. I bet Barack Obama talks on occasion about global warming next year, and I bet it helps him. But don’t count on that, or on Keystone XL disappearing… If the pipeline story (so far) has one lesson, it’s this: you can’t expect anything to change if you don’t go out and change it yourself.


Conclusion

As Naomi Klein so thoroughly explains, government action to address our looming climate change catastrophe is anathema to everything that right wingers have been led to believe by the corporate tycoons who have so much to gain through continuation of their planet destroying activities.

Klein points out that this is an issue on which compromise is not feasible. The catastrophic consequences of continued warming of our planet are looming too near, and in fact have already begun. The differences between the right wing view of government and the views of reasonable people are too large. Encouraged by a corporate controlled media that has very little respect for the truth or honest reporting of any kind, right wing elites have distorted reality beyond recognition. Compromising with them – pretending that any solution to our problems must include deference to their so-called “free-market” principles or denials of physical reality – only encourages them to continue their deceit, and lends credence to their lies.

It is well past the time that we must recognize that the solutions to collective problems must consist of collective actions. In a democracy, that means government action and a government that is accountable to its citizens. Klein summarizes what we need to do:

So let’s summarize. Responding to climate change requires that we break every rule in the free-market playbook and that we do so with great urgency. We will need to rebuild the public sphere, reverse privatizations, relocalize large parts of economies, scale back overconsumption, bring back long-term planning, heavily regulate and tax corporations, maybe even nationalize some of them, cut military spending and recognize our debts to the global South. Of course, none of this has a hope in hell of happening unless it is accompanied by a massive, broad-based effort to radically reduce the influence that corporations have over the political process. That means, at a minimum, publicly funded elections and stripping corporations of their status as “people” under the law. In short, climate change supercharges the pre-existing case for virtually every progressive demand on the books, binding them into a coherent agenda based on a clear scientific imperative.

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The Unfulfilled Promise
The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream: The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals




Time for change


Notwithstanding the lofty sentiments and purpose of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, the reality of the United States of America did not then – and never has – lived up to its ideal. Our nation remains today a long way from fulfilling the promise implied by those ideals. Yet, our Declaration was a great start, and it has long shone as a beacon of hope for people all over the world.

Throughout our history, while many have striven to close the gap between our highest ideals and the reality of our nation, others have focused on the accumulation of private wealth and power, at the expense of everyone else. In recent decades the latter have gained much ground, leading to increasing imperialism abroad and deteriorating democracy at home, characterized by routine (and legal) bribery of our public officials, the fusion of government and private corporate interests (corporatocracy), a corrupt election system largely in the hands of private corporations, a corporate controlled communications media, and the widespread acceptance of Executive Branch secrecy, routinely justified with little if any questioning, by the magic words “national security”. All of this is rapidly turning our country from the democracy proclaimed at our founding into a plutocracy (government by the wealthy and for the wealthy). The result is the most obscene wealth gap our country has ever known, the highest imprisonment rate in the world, rampant militarism, routine flaunting of international law, the least efficient health care system in the developed world, a pending environmental catastrophe that threatens to destroy the life sustaining forces of our planet, and myriad other problems that threaten to destroy our nation and tyrannize our people.

My new book, The Unfulfilled Promise of the American Dream – The Widening Gap between the Reality of the United States and its Highest Ideals, explores the roots and consequences of the demise of our democracy, and why most Americans have been unable to understand this process or even become aware of it. A good understanding of why and how we have deviated so greatly from the ideals of our nation is the first and necessary step towards getting back on the right track and revitalizing our society.

The book is currently being sold in electronic PDF format and can be purchased at http://www.unfulfilledpromise.com/Buy-the-... for $3.99. It will also soon be available in Amazon Kindle format. DU members who cannot afford to buy the book but would like to read it can pm me with your e-mail address, and I will send you a free PDF copy.

I’ve previously posted on DU a slightly earlier version of the introduction to the book, which is also posted at my site. Here is the Table of Contents, followed by a brief description of the three parts of the book:


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Acknowledgements
Prologue – What is Wrong with the United States of America?

Part I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy
Chapter 1 – Legalized Bribery
Chapter 2 – Human Psychological Factors
Chapter 3 – Corporatocracy
Chapter 4 – Corporate Control of Media
Chapter 5 – Corrupt Election System
Chapter 6 – Government Secrecy
Chapter 7 – American Exceptionalism

Part II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions
Chapter 8 – Slavery and its Legacy
Chapter 9 – Early U.S. Imperialism
Chapter 10 – U.S. Imperialism in Cold War
Chapter 11 – Iraq War and Occupation
Chapter 12 – Afghanistan War

Part III – Consequences
Chapter 13 – Election of George W. Bush
Chapter 14 – War and Imperialism
Chapter 15 – Class Warfare
Chapter 16 – Predator Financial Class
Chapter 17 – Shock Therapy
Chapter 18 – Contempt for Int. Law
Chapter 19 – The “War on Drugs”
Chapter 20 – Climate Change
Chapter 21 – “War on Terror”
Chapter 22 – Health Care
Chapter 23 – Unaccountable government
Chapter 24 – Response to 9/11 Attacks
Epilogue


PART I – Root Causes of the Impending Demise of American Democracy

It is somewhat difficult to separate the causes of our problems from their consequences, since they combine to form a long chain of cause leading to consequence, leading to more consequences, etcetera. Nevertheless, it seems worth while to identify the root causes of our problems, those that occur early in the chain and lead to so many of the tragic consequences we see today. The only chance we have of reversing the demise of our democracy is through addressing and attacking its root causes.

At the top of the list is the systematic bribery of public officials by the powerful corporations (Chapter 1) whom our government is charged with regulating in the public interest. Instead of calling it bribery, we call it “campaign contributions”, but what we call it isn’t as important as what it is. It is hard to fathom how democracy can survive when such a practice is legal and condoned.

Working in tandem with our system of legalized bribery is the nature of the people who inhabit our country. That is not to say that Americans are inherently substantially different than any other people. Human beings are imperfect, and that is probably a major reason why in a world where civilization began more than five millennia ago, the oldest written national framework of government in the world today – the Constitution of the United States of America – is only a little more than two and a quarter centuries old. Chapter 2 explores the roles of basic human needs, authoritarianism, psychological defense mechanisms used to prevent us from perceiving reality as it is rather than as we’d like it to be, and corrupted ideologies in causing us to passively accept the accumulation of power in the hands of ambitious and ruthless individuals who care about little else than expanding their own wealth and power.

When bribery of public officials is tolerated as an inevitable aspect of public life, government inevitably grows close to the wealthy interests that shower it with money in return for legislative and other favors. A malevolent symbiosis grows between the state and corporate power, resulting in rule by an oligarchy that is highly detrimental to the lives of ordinary people (Chapter 3). Using their accumulated wealth and power to manipulate our legislative process, the oligarchy grabs for more and more control of the communications media (Chapter 4) that are used to control the information available to and shape the attitudes of our nation’s people, in pursuit of their own narrow interests.

Since the 1980s an orchestrated campaign has been underway to demonize “big government”, thereby paving the way for private corporate control over more and more functions that were previously deemed intrinsic functions of government. Among those functions is the running of public elections (Chapter 5) – the function that symbolizes democracy perhaps more than any other single function. Consequently, the purging of selected registered voters from our computerized voter rolls has become a routine recurring event throughout much of our country, and without a doubt determined the results of the 2000 – and probably 2004 as well – presidential election. Just as bad, more and more of the counting of votes in our public elections have been turned over to private corporations, which count our votes using electronic machines using secret software to produce vote counts that cannot be verified by anyone.

Bribery, the fusion of government and private interest, fake and biased news, and corrupt elections are not things that government and its corporate allies want us to know about. Consequently, they construct walls of secrecy (Chapter 6) to keep us from obtaining information that sheds light on their activities. The perfect phrase for facilitating this is “national security”. When our government tells us that the “national security” requires that certain things be kept secret from us, the understanding is that to question such a pronouncement is unpatriotic, and to actually attempt to obtain the “secret” information may be treasonous.

But indefinitely maintaining secrets from the American people can be very difficult, because at least some people want to know what their government is up to. So in addition to the formal mechanisms of secrecy, informal mechanisms are constructed (Chapter 7) to keep vital information away from us. One of the primary methods for doing this is to make certain sensitive subjects taboo – that is, to create the widespread belief that discussion of these topics is so outside the bounds of acceptable human discourse that anyone who discusses them should be shunned by society, or worse. The most common issue that falls into this category is any discussion that sheds light on the disparity between American ideals and the reality of life in our country today.


PART II – A Sampling of Imperialist Actions in U.S. History

Notwithstanding the fact that our founding document says that “all men are created equal” and speaks of the inalienable rights of humankind, the United States has throughout its history partaken of massive exploitation of other peoples.

It is estimated that at the time of our birth, 18% of our population was black slaves. In our expansion westwards during the late 18th and 19th centuries, we decimated the original inhabitants of our continent, and often treated them with great cruelty. In 1846 we manufactured an excuse for war with our neighbor Mexico, in which we continued to expand our country westwards and southwards. In 1893 we began our overseas imperialism with the conquest of Hawaii. Our overseas expansion was greatly accelerated in 1898 with our participation in the Spanish-American War, which led to our conquest of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. With our arrival at world superpower status at the end of World War II, we began the Cold War, which led to and served as a rationalization for covert and/or direct military actions against myriad foreign nations over the next 46 years. With the September 11, 2001 attacks on our country, we declared a perpetual “War on Terror”, which served and continues to serve as an excuse to invade and occupy Iraq and Afghanistan, nations that posed no threat to us. We do not know when or if this perpetual war will ever end. We don’t know how many additional imperial conquests it will lead to.

Most Americans don’t think much about all this. Many of these actions are done in secrecy, and the American people don’t find out about them until many years later – or we never find out about them at all. Those that we do know about are spun into the most favorable light, to make them seem benign or even noble.

But these actions come at great costs: in the lives of our soldiers; in the ruined lives of the peoples of the victim countries; in trillions of dollars cost to our people and their future generations; in our international reputation; in anti-American hatred leading to terrorism; and, to our democracy itself. For how can a nation claim to believe in the inalienable rights of humankind specified in its founding document, while making a mockery of that belief in the way it treats other peoples? For that reason alone it is worth while to take a brief look at our long history of imperialist actions.


PART III – Consequences

In the Prologue I give a brief account of what I see as some of the worst and tragic consequences of the root causes that I discuss in Part I – to enable the reader to see where this book is heading. When elections of our public officials are for sale to the highest bidder… when our public officials are so addicted to the “campaign contributions” of their wealthiest constituents that they develop a symbiotic relationship with them… when our communications media are owned and controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy elites… when our citizenry lack the ability to differentiate propaganda from reality… when we allow machines provided by private corporations to count our votes using secret electronic software… then we should expect that the consequences will not be pretty or comfortable for the vast majority of our citizens.

In Part III, I explore those consequences in much greater detail, in the hope that the reader will agree with me that these are very serious problems, and that they must be successfully addressed if our country is ever to fulfill the promise of its ideals, or even make progress in that direction. When enough Americans recognize our problems as problems, stripped of the gloss and spin put on them by our oligarchy, they will rise up and do something about them. Until then there will be no progress, and we are very likely to head in the direction of all the former empires of our planet, ending in chaos, widespread catastrophe, suffering, and ignominy.

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